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How Many Wars Were There Without Women In The Military – Not all women who served in the US military during World War I were treated equally. Here’s why
World War I is often called the first “modern” war. The term generally refers to mechanized warfare in the form of tanks and aircraft; terror against civilians as an act of war; and mobilization of society as a whole. But it could also refer to women’s new roles in their nations’ war efforts.
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How Many Wars Were There Without Women In The Military
In World War I, the increased manpower requirements of all combatant forces made it easier for women to contribute officially, although few fought. Women enlisted as ambulance drivers, telephone operators, munitions workers, members of various service auxiliaries, and even soldiers in the all-female units of Bolshevik Russia. In the United States, the Navy’s “yeomanettes” and the Army’s Hello Girls were the first American women to serve (or at least openly) in the military. And although they served in the same war for the same nation, their experiences differed greatly.
How World War Ii Empowered Women
Faced with the potential for serious manpower shortages in the coming war, United States Navy Secretary Joseph Daniels decided to take advantage of a loophole in the 1916 Navy Act that did not specify that only men could be drafted. In March 1917, he took the bold – and controversial – step of enlisting women in the navy.
Hundreds of women between the ages of 18 and 35 marched to the recruiting stations. When the United States entered World War I on April 6, 1917, two thousand women enlisted as Yeoman (F). By the end of the war, the number of women had increased to 11,000.
Daniel had no intention of having his female male serve in battle. The Navy initially drafted women into clerical duties, freeing men from combat. Most women were indeed assigned to clerical jobs, but as the war progressed the list of jobs that the Navy considered suitable for women grew. Women also worked as radio and telegraph operators, shipping supervisors, commissary stewards, fingerprint experts, draftsmen, pharmacists, torpedo assemblers, and camouflage designers. After the Navy realized that young women in uniform made good advertising, it trained females to march and perform basic military drills so they could parade in support of war bonds, troop deployments, and other official events where goodwill was valued.
The American press called them “Yeomanettes”. Daniels objected to the nickname, saying, “I never liked the Et business.” If a woman does a job, she should have a job name. ” The official designation, Yeoman (F), made it clear that women were the institutional equivalent of men holding the same rank. Although they were not allowed to serve at sea, women received the same pay as sailors and marines of the same rank, a uniform allowance, medical care and war risk insurance.
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The US Army did not do well with the young women who served as telephone operators in France.
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The telephone revolutionized military communications in World War I. First, commanders could communicate directly with front-line officers hundreds of miles away. A light wire connection and the help of an operator were enough.
When the United States entered the war, the Army Signal Corps consisted of 55 officers and 1,570 enlisted men—most of whom maintained telegraph wires. It was easy enough to create a signal corps to meet the new demand for telephone connections. The Army hired fourteen Bell Battalions, staffed entirely by AT&T employees and their supervisors, whose job it was to install and maintain telephone equipment alongside the US Army.
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General John Pershing soon realized that the operators were the weak point of the system. The hastily trained men not only struggled to operate the switchboard, but few of them could communicate with their counterparts in the French telephone system. Adding trained operators to the system was not as simple as hiring more men from AT&T. 80 percent of American telephone operators were women. If the army was going to use the telephone, they needed to recruit women.
Pershing appealed to the US War Department for one hundred uniformed female telephone operators who spoke fluent French. More than 7,600 trained female operators applied for the first hundred positions.
The soldiers called “hello girls”, they made it possible for the army to communicate. Pershing referred to them as “soldiers of the switchboard who accepted danger, without reservation, to serve their country.” Like the soldiers they worked with, they risked their lives. Unlike those soldiers, they were not considered part of the army.
The original advertisement sent out by the Signal Corps in response to Pershing’s request called for women in the army to serve overseas, and it is clear that most women believed they were being drafted. But army regulations clearly required that soldiers be male—a law that remained after the Civil War, when women enlisted disguised as men. Without the loophole that allowed Daniels to hire a female male, the Hello Girls were technically civilian contractors. They did not receive any of the benefits extended to soldiers during or after the war. They even had to pay for their own uniforms.
American Women In World War Ii
When peace came, the Hello Girls were shocked to find that the army did not consider them part of the military. Congress finally recognized the Hello Girls as World War I veterans in 1979—too late to be of any use to most of them.
In World War I, the recruitment of women into the US military was seen as a desperate measure in a war to end all wars that would never need to be repeated. And yet, when they quit for their own peace, the femme fatales and Hello Girls opened up the possibility of a comeback. As Yeoman (F) E. Lyle McCleod wrote after his discharge:
No! I’m no longer a Yeomanette, and though I hate to think of war, if Uncle Sam ever said, “I need ten thousand girls to-day,” would he get it? Well, I will say! And more.
And in fact, 20 some years later, Uncle Sam has called ten thousand girls and more. During World War II, they came out in the WAVE—and the WAACs, and the SPARs, and the WASPs—and showed that the modern history of women in the military was just the beginning. American women played an important role during World War II, both at home and at home. United. Not only did they give their sons, husbands, fathers and brothers to the war effort, they gave their time, energy and some even their lives.
Women In The Civil War
Unwilling to enter the war when it broke out in 1939, the United States quickly committed itself to total war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. This commitment included the use of all American assets, including women. The Axis powers, on the other hand, were slow to employ women in their war industries. Hitler mocked the Americans as degenerates for putting their women to work. The role of German women, he said, was to be good wives and mothers and to have more babies for the Third Reich.
When the war broke out, quick marriages became the norm as teenagers married their sweethearts before their men went overseas. While men fought overseas, women on the home front worked in defense factories and volunteered for war-related organizations, in addition to managing their families. In New Orleans, as demand for public transportation increased, women became streetcar “conductors” for the first time. When the men left, the women “became skilled cooks and housewives, managed finances, learned to repair cars, worked in a defense factory and wrote letters to soldier husbands who were consistently in good spirits.” (Stephen Ambrose, D-Day, 488) Rosie the Riveter helped ensure that the Allies had the munitions they needed to defeat the Axis.
Nearly 350,000 American women served in uniform, both at home and abroad, volunteering in the newly formed Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs, later renamed the Women’s Army Corps), the Navy Women’s Reserve (WAVES), the Marine Corps Women’s Reserve. Coast Guard Women’s Reserve (SPARS), Women’s Air Force Service Pilots (WASPS), Army Nurse Corps, and Navy Nurse Corps. General Eisenhower felt that he could not win the war without the help of women in uniform. “The contributions of American women, whether on the farm, in the factory or in uniform, were essential to the D-Day invasion effort.” (Ambrose, D-Day, 489)
Women in uniform held positions and clerical jobs in the armed forces to free men from combat. They also drove trucks, repaired airplanes, worked as laboratory technicians, assembled parachutes, served as radio operators, analyzed photographs, flew military aircraft around the country, test flew newly repaired aircraft, and
Women In Black
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